food-coloring
3. september 2014
Food Color Additives
The FDA separates color additives for foods into two categories: Certifiable or Exempt from Certification. Cerfiable color additives are man-made. They must be tested for consumption safety and approved or certified by the FDA to be added to their list. There are nine certified color additives on the FDA approved list from which a multitude of colors can be mixed.
Certified color additives are known as dyes or lakes. Dyes are water-soluble and be used in beverages, dry mixes, baked goods, confections, dairy products, pet foods, and other products. Lakes will not dissolve in water and are more stable than dyes. They are best-used in foods containing fats and oils or those foods which do not contain a lot of moisture to dissolve dyes, such as tablets, cake mixes, hard candies, and chewing gum.
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Color Additives Certifiable for Food Use (January, 1993) |
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Name/Common Name |
Hue |
Common Food Uses |
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FD&C Blue No. 1 Brilliant Blue FCF |
Bright blue | Beverages, dairy products, dessert powders, jellies, confections, condiments, icings, syrups, extracts |
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FD&C Blue No. 2 Indigotine |
Royal blue | Baked goods, cereals, snack foods, ice cream, confections, cherries |
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FD&C Green No. 3 Fast Green FCF |
Sea green | Beverages, puddings, ice cream, sherbet, cherries, confections, baked goods, dairy products |
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FD&C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC |
Orange-red | Gelatins, puddings, dairy products, confections, beverages, condiments |
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FD&C Red No. 3 Erythrosine |
Cherry red | Cherries in fruit cocktail and in canned fruits for salads, confections, baked goods, dairy products, snack foods |
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FD&C Yellow No. 5 Tartrazine |
Lemon yellow | Custards, beverages, ice cream, confections, preserves, cereals |
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FD&C Yellow No. 6 Sunset Yellow |
Orange | Cereals, baked goods, snack foods, ice cream, beverages, dessert powders, confections |
Exempt from Certification are those color additives derived from natural resources which are known to be safe to consume. These exempt additives come from such sources as vegetables, minerals, animals as well as man-made concoctions from natural foodstuffs. Normally man-made color additives have no flavor, while colors made from natural foods may well impart some unexpected flavor and color results. Keep this in mind if you plan on using homemade natural color additives at home.
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Colors Exempt from Certification |
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| Annatto extract | Beta-carotene | B-Apo-8'-carotenal* |
| Canthaxanthin | Beet powder | Carrot oil |
| Caramel color |
Cottonseed flour, toasted partially defatted, cooked |
Cochineal extract (carmine) |
| Fruit juice | Ferrous gluconate* | Grape skin extract* (enocianina) |
| Grape color extract* | Paprika oleoresin | Paprika |
| Saffron | Riboflavin | Turmeric |
| Titanium dioxide* | Vegetable juice | Turmeric oleoresin |
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*Restricted to specific uses |
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